Types of Fabrics Guide for Beginners
Are you a clothing startup looking to understand the different types of fabrics for your clothing line?
In this beginner’s guide, we will explore the world of natural fabrics such as cotton, silk, wool, and linen, as well as synthetic fabrics like polyester, nylon, rayon, and spandex.
We will discuss blended fabrics such as cotton-polyester, cotton-spandex, and wool-silk blends. Learn how to choose the right fabric for your clothing line based on factors like purpose, comfort, target market, cost, and availability.
Key Takeaways:
- Natural fabrics, such as cotton, silk, wool, and linen, are made from plant or animal fibers and are breathable, comfortable, and durable.
- Synthetic fabrics, like polyester, nylon, rayon, and spandex, are man-made and often more affordable, durable, and easy to care for compared to natural fabrics.
- Blended fabrics, such as cotton-polyester, cotton-spandex, and wool-silk blends, offer the best of both worlds, combining the qualities of both natural and synthetic fabrics.
What Is Fabric GSM?
GSM (also known as GM/2) is an abbreviation of “Grams per Square Metre” and is the metric in which fabric is weighed. GSM is related to thickness, and generally speaking the heavier the weight, the thicker the fabric will be. With that being said however, due to varying weights of different fibres, the GSM cannot accurately determine the thickness in mm of a fabric.
No item has a “standard” GSM, however because GSM is a unit of weight, it can determine the application of a fabric.
Because heavier weight fabrics use more raw fibre and have a longer weaving time, they do cost more than lower weight equivalents. It’s also worth noting that GSM can also be measured in Imperial units – ounces (oz) in particular. You can easily convert between gsm and oz however; for example, a 6oz fabric is equivalent to 203gsm.
What are Natural Types of Fabrics?
Natural fabrics are derived from plant or animal sources and include a wide range of materials used in clothing production. Cotton, silk, wool, and linen are some of the most popular natural fabric choices due to their comfort, breathability, and versatility.
Cotton is known for its softness, durability, and excellent moisture absorption, making it ideal for everyday wear. It is a versatile fabric that can be used to make various types of clothing ranging from casual t-shirts to formal shirts.
On the other hand, silk is a luxurious fabric that is prized for its smooth texture and natural sheen, often used in high-end fashion garments and accessories.
Wool is a great insulator, keeping you warm in winter and cool in summer, making it a perfect choice for cosy jumpers and blankets. Wool is naturally wrinkle-resistant and has excellent moisture-wicking properties.
Linen, a lightweight and breathable fabric, is perfect for summer clothing due to its airy feel and ability to absorb moisture, keeping you cool and dry.
COTTON

Cotton is a soft, breathable fabric known for its versatility and comfort. It is widely used in the textile industry and is a popular choice for clothing manufacturing in countries like Turkey. Cotton fabric is prized for its natural properties such as moisture absorption, making it an ideal choice for warm climates. With a range of fabric GSM options available, it can be tailored to different needs, from light and airy summer clothing to heavier winter garments. The durability of cotton ensures that clothing made from this fabric can withstand regular wear and washing. Beyond clothing, cotton is also used in various household textiles like bedding and towels, further showcasing its versatility across different applications.
SILK

Silk is a luxurious and delicate fabric prized for its smooth texture and natural lustre. Known for its elegance and drape, silk is often used in high-end fashion garments and jacket fabric materials.One of the remarkable characteristics of silk is its lightweight nature, making it incredibly comfortable to wear against the skin. Silk has excellent draping qualities that result in flowing and flattering silhouettes. This fabric is also highly breathable, allowing for proper airflow and maintaining comfort in various weather conditions. Silk's natural lustre adds a touch of sophistication to any garment, giving it a luxurious appearance.Silk is versatile and can be utilised in a wide range of clothing items, including dresses, blouses, scarves, and even lingerie. Its lustrous finish adds a hint of glamour to any outfit, making it a popular choice for special occasions and evening wear. Besides being used in apparel, silk is also employed in accessories like ties and pocket squares, adding a touch of elegance to formal attire.In the fashion industry, silk holds significant importance as a premium fabric associated with luxury and sophistication. Designers often incorporate silk into their collections to elevate the overall aesthetic and quality of their pieces. Silk's popularity in high-end fashion reflects its timeless appeal and enduring charm that captivates both designers and consumers alike.
WOOL

Wool is a natural fabric known for its warmth and durability. It is commonly used in the production of thick fabric shirts and high-quality garments due to its insulation properties and soft feel.One of the unique properties of wool is its ability to regulate body temperature, making it an ideal choice for a range of climates. This natural fibre can absorb moisture without feeling damp, keeping the wearer dry and comfortable.Furthermore, merino wool specifically is prized for its exceptional softness and non-itchy texture against the skin, making it popular for base layers and activewear. The fine fibres of merino wool also provide superior breathability, odour resistance, and natural UV protection, offering added benefits to those wearing garments made from this luxurious material.
LINEN

Linen is a breathable and lightweight fabric ideal for warm climates. It is often considered the best fabric for shirts due to its moisture-wicking properties and crisp texture.With a typical fabric GSM (grams per square metre) ranging from 80 to 150, linen offers a perfect balance between durability and comfort. Due to its natural fibres derived from the flax plant, linen is not only eco-friendly but also highly absorbent, making it a great choice for those prone to sweating in hot weather. The distinct texture of linen fabric adds a touch of elegance to shirts, providing a classic yet casual look. In the textile industry, linen is valued for its versatility and ability to blend seamlessly with other fabric materials like cotton and silk.
What are Synthetic Fabrics?
Synthetic fabrics are man-made materials that offer unique properties and performance characteristics. Popular synthetic fabrics include polyester, nylon, rayon, and spandex, each with its specific uses and benefits in clothing.
While polyester is known for its durability and wrinkle resistance, nylon is prized for its strength and water-resistant qualities. On the other hand, rayon is valued for its soft feel and draping capabilities, resembling natural fibers like cotton and silk. Additionally, spandex is renowned for its stretchability, making it ideal for athletic and form-fitting garments. These synthetic fabrics have revolutionized the textile industry by offering endless possibilities in design, performance, and functionality.
POLYESTER

Polyester is a durable and versatile synthetic fabric widely used in clothing manufacturing. It offers excellent crease resistance and color retention, making it a popular choice for various garments.One of the key properties of polyester fabric is its ability to dry quickly, which makes it a practical choice for sportswear and outdoor clothing. Polyester is known for its resistance to stretching and shrinking, ensuring that garments retain their shape and size over time.When compared to natural fabrics like wool, polyester has the advantage of being more affordable and easier to care for. While wool may provide better insulation, polyester is often preferred for its lightweight and breathable qualities.The versatility of polyester fabric allows it to be blended with other materials, such as cotton or elastane, to create innovative textiles that cater to specific needs in the fashion industry.
NYLON

Nylon is a strong and resilient synthetic fabric known for its durability and abrasion resistance. It is commonly used in sportswear and high-performance garments like football shirt fabric due to its moisture-wicking properties.One of the key characteristics of nylon fabric is its excellent strength-to-weight ratio, making it a popular choice for outdoor gear such as backpacks and tents. Additionally, Nylon fabric is quick-drying, making it ideal for swimwear and activewear applications. Its versatility also extends to more delicate fabric types, where it can be used to add durability and structure to silky fabrics like chiffon or satin.
RAYON

Rayon is a semi-synthetic fabric made from cellulose fibres. It combines the comfort of natural fibers like cotton with the luxurious feel of silk, making it a versatile choice for various clothing designs.One of the unique properties of rayon is its ability to drape elegantly, giving garments a flowing and flattering appearance. In comparison to natural fibers like cotton and wool, rayon has a smoother texture and a more lustrous finish, resembling shiny materials such as satin. Due to its moisture-absorbing qualities, rayon is often used in warm weather clothing as it remains cool against the skin. Its versatility allows for easy dyeing, resulting in a wide range of vibrant colors in garment styles ranging from casual t-shirts to elegant evening gowns.
SPANDEX
What are Blended Fabrics?
Blended fabrics are created by combining different fibres to achieve specific properties and characteristics.
One of the most attractive aspects of blended fabrics is their ability to leverage the strengths of each individual fibre, resulting in a final product that surpasses the limitations of single-fibre textiles. This unique fusion not only enhances the durability and longevity of the fabric but also improves qualities like breathability, flexibility, and moisture-wicking properties.
Cotton-Polyester blends are known for their easy care and wrinkle-resistant nature, making them ideal for everyday wear. On the other hand, Cotton-Spandex blends offer stretch and comfort for activewear and casual clothing, ensuring a snug yet flexible fit.
The luxurious Wool-Silk blend combines the warmth and softness of wool with the smoothness and sheen of silk, creating a fabric that is both elegant and practical for various occasions.
Cotton-Polyester Blend
The Cotton-Polyester Blend combines the breathability of cotton with the durability and crease resistance of polyester.
It is a popular choice for everyday clothes like t-shirts, sweatshirts, and jeans, as it provides a comfortable feel while being easy to maintain. The blend’s moisture-wicking properties make it an excellent option for sportswear, keeping the wearer dry and comfortable during physical activities. The Cotton-Polyester Blend is known for its colour retention, making it ideal for vibrant or darker coloured clothing that may be prone to fading. This versatile fabric is also often used in work uniforms and children’s clothing due to its durability and affordability.
Cotton-Spandex Blend
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The Cotton-Elastane Blend offers the comfort of cotton with added stretch and flexibility from elastane.
It is a versatile fabric choice that combines the breathable qualities of cotton with the elasticity of elastane, making it ideal for a wide range of clothing items.
- Cotton-elastane blends are commonly used in the production of everyday wear such as t-shirts, leggings, jeans, and activewear due to their ability to provide ease of movement while maintaining their shape.
Designers often prefer working with this blend as it allows them to create sleek silhouettes that accentuate the body without sacrificing on comfort.
Wool-Silk Blend
The Wool-Silk Blend combines the warmth of wool with the luxurious feel of silk, creating a rich fabric woven with a raised design.
Its unique combination not only enhances the overall look and feel of the fabric but also provides exceptional breathability and insulating properties. This blend is perfect for creating garments that are both cosy and elegant, suitable for various seasons. The Wool-Silk Blend offers a wonderful balance between comfort and style, making it a popular choice for designers aiming to craft premium clothing pieces.
How to Choose the Right Fabric for Your Clothing Line?
Selecting the perfect fabric for your clothing line is crucial to the success of your brand. Consider factors like the purpose of the clothing, comfort, target market, and cost when deciding on the fabric types for your garments.
It’s essential to match the fabric to the intended garment types. For example, flowy dresses may require light, breathable fabrics like chiffon, while structured jackets benefit from sturdy materials like denim.
Understanding the fabric composition is also key; natural fibers like cotton and silk offer unmatched comfort, while synthetic blends like polyester can provide durability and affordability.
Keep production considerations in mind, such as Minimum Order Quantities (MOQ), lead times, and fabric sourcing options to streamline the manufacturing process and maintain quality standards.
Consider the Purpose of the Clothing
When selecting fabric types, it’s essential to consider the intended purpose of the clothing. Different materials are suitable for various garment types, such as formal dresses, casual wear, or sportswear, based on their specific requirements and functionalities.
- For formal dresses, fabrics like silk, satin, or chiffon are favoured due to their elegant drape and luxurious texture, enhancing the overall look and feel of the attire.
- On the other hand, casual wear often involves fabrics such as cotton, denim, or jersey, known for their comfort and breathability during daily activities.
- Sportswear, designed for physical activity, requires moisture-wicking fabrics like polyester blends or technical fabrics to keep the wearer dry and comfortable.
Think about Comfort and Durability
Comfort and durability are key factors to consider when choosing fabric for making clothes. Opt for fabrics that offer a comfortable feel against the skin and can withstand regular wear and washing for long-lasting garments.
- Regarding textiles for clothing, the choice of fabric can greatly influence the overall quality of the garment.
- Cotton is a popular choice due to its softness and breathability, making it ideal for everyday wear.
- Wool is another excellent option known for its warmth and durability, perfect for winter garments.
- On the other hand, polyester blends are valued for their wrinkle resistance and quick-drying properties, making them suitable for activewear and outdoor apparel.
- Silk exudes luxury and elegance while being delicate and requiring special care.
Understanding the properties of different fabrics can help you select the most appropriate one for your clothing needs, ensuring both comfort and durability in every piece you create.
Keep Your Target Market in Mind
Understanding your target market is essential when choosing fabric types for clothing. Consider the preferences, lifestyle, and needs of your audience to select fabrics that align with their expectations and contribute to the overall appeal of your apparel.
For example, if you are targeting a younger demographic, opting for comfortable and breathable cotton blends may be ideal for casual wear. On the other hand, if your target customers are more inclined towards luxury and sophistication, luxurious fabrics such as silk or satin would be more fitting choices.
Staying abreast of current fashion trends is crucial; integrating popular textured fabrics like velvet or eco-friendly materials can cater to eco-conscious consumers and those seeking unique styles.
Consider the Cost and Availability
Cost and availability play a vital role in fabric selection for clothing production. Evaluate the pricing, sourcing, and supply chain aspects of different fabrics to ensure they align with your budget and production requirements while maintaining quality and consistency.
When considering material fashion trends, it’s essential to keep an eye on the ever-evolving preferences of consumers and the industry. Investing in fabrics that are in vogue can enhance the market appeal of your clothing line and boost sales.
The diverse range of cotton varieties opens up a world of possibilities for designers and manufacturers. From the crispness of Egyptian cotton to the softness of Pima cotton, each variant offers unique characteristics that can elevate the quality and feel of your garments.
Exploring a detailed clothing fabrics list allows you to assess various options, such as silk, wool, polyester, and blends, to match the desired aesthetics and functionalities of your designs. Selecting the right mix of fabrics not only impacts the garment’s look and feel but also influences its durability and performance over time.
By staying informed about the latest trends and understanding the nuances of different fabrics, you can make informed decisions that balance cost-efficiency with style and quality.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the most common types of fabric used in clothing production?
The most common types of fabric used in clothing production include cotton, polyester, silk, rayon, and nylon. These fabrics are versatile, durable, and widely available, making them popular choices for clothing manufacturers.
What is the difference between natural and synthetic fabrics?
Natural fabrics, such as cotton and silk, are made from natural materials like plants or animals. On the other hand, synthetic fabrics, such as polyester and nylon, are made from man-made materials. Natural fabrics tend to be more breathable and comfortable, while synthetic fabrics are typically more durable and moisture-wicking.
Which fabric is best for hot weather?
When it comes to hot weather, lightweight and breathable fabrics like cotton and linen are ideal. These fabrics allow air to flow through and wick away moisture, keeping you cool and comfortable. Avoid heavy fabrics like wool and polyester, which can trap heat and make you feel uncomfortably warm.
Can you explain the different types of knitted fabrics?
Knitted fabrics are made by interlacing yarns in a series of loops. There are three main types of knitted fabrics: single knit, double knit, and circular knit. Single knit fabrics, such as jersey, have a flat surface and are often used for t-shirts and lightweight garments. Double knit fabrics, like fleece, have two layers of loops and are thicker and more durable. Circular knit fabrics, such as socks, are made in a circle and have a seamless design.
How can I tell the quality of a fabric?
The quality of a fabric can be determined by several factors, including the type of fibres used, the density of the weave, and the finishing processes. Look for fabrics with longer, finer fibres, tight weaves, and smooth finishes for higher quality. It’s also important to consider the fabric’s weight, texture, and feel when determining its quality.
What type of fabric is best for custom clothing production?
The best type of fabric for custom clothing production depends on the specific design and purpose of the garment. Consider factors like durability, comfort, and breathability when choosing a fabric for your custom clothing. Consult with your manufacturer for recommendations based on your specific needs and budget

Spandex, also known as Lycra or elastane, is a stretchy synthetic fabric that provides flexibility and shape retention in clothing. It is commonly used in activewear and garments that require elasticity.One of the key characteristics of Spandex is its ability to stretch up to five times its original length, making it ideal for snug and form-fitting clothing. With a low fabric GSM (grams per square metre), Spandex is lightweight yet durable, offering comfort and freedom of movement for the wearer.This versatile fabric is especially popular in sportswear, swimwear, and dancewear due to its moisture-wicking properties and ability to maintain its shape even after repeated washing and wear. Manufacturers often blend Spandex with other fabrics like polyester or nylon to enhance its stretch and durability, creating garments that provide both support and flexibility.
